بزهکاری نوجوان ۱

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مطالعات اولیه در باب بزهکاری نوجوانان مکررا از طریق مقایسه ای ساده میان ویژگی های بزهکاران و غیر بزهکاران پیش رفته است.چنین نگرشی مبتنی بر این فرض ضمنی است که بزهکاری،صورت معینی از آسیب روانی است.لذا می توان در مورد بزهکاری به الگوهای معین رفتاری و علت شناسی قائل شد.

در یک نوع تقسیم بندی سه نوع بزهکاری مشخص شده است:

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_بزهکاری که از لحاظ کنترل فرامن یا وجدان اختلال هایی دارد.

برخی دیگر از پژوهش هابه تقسیم بندی دیگری متوسل شده اند،این طبقه بندی از لحاظ عملی مفید تر است:

۱)بزهکار اجتماعی:مشخصات بزهکار اجتماعی چنین است؛شرکت در فعالیت های گروهی،دزدی یا همکاری دسته جمعی،فرار از منزل،تا دیر وقت در بیرون از خانه به سر بردن و فرار از مدرسه.این دسته از بزهکاران در مقایسه با انواع دیگر،از شخصیت بهنجار بیشتری برخوردارند و غالبا در موقعیت های خانوادگی معمولی زیسته اند.فقدان پدر را می توان در علت شناسی این نوع از بزهکاری به حساب آورد.در اینگونه افراد به خصوص،بین بزهکاری،طبقه پایین و تجربه محرومیت از پدر همبستگی وجود دارد.

۲)بزهکار غیر اجتماعی فراری:بزهکار غیر اجتماعی فراری،از حیث سازمان شخصیت در ضعیف ترین سطح قرار داد،در این مورد،بزهکاری عبارت از نوعی آسیب روانی است که معمولا در فرزندانی که والدین معترض داشته اند به ظهور می رسد.

والدین معترض و به خصوص مادر معترض به عنوان عاملی مهم در در آسیب های روانی محسوب می شود.بزهکاران ضد اجتماعی،مادران خود را به عنوان افرادی معترض،خودرای،غیر مشوق،بی تفاوت و بی توجه توصیف می کنند.

بزهکار غیراجتماعی پرخاشگر :ویژگی بارز این گروه عبارتند از: ایجاد مخامصه،بی رحمی و ستمگری،مبارز طلبی با مراجع قدرت،شیطنت و دو به هم زنی کینه توزانه و احساس گناه ناچیز،این نوع بزهکاران را با نظر به اعتراض های والدین و میزان سازمان انسجام شخصیت فرد،مورد بررسی قرار داده و آن را در موضعی میان این دو عامل قرار داده اند.

بزهکاری نوجوان

پسر ها در همه نژاد ها از دختران پرخاشگرترند و کودکان خانواده هایی که والدین پرخاشگر دارند از پرخاشگری بیشتری برخوردارند،هر چند اضطراب اندک و افسردگی نشان دهند.نکته جالب در این بررسی همبستگی رفتار پرخاشگرانه مادر با پرخاشگری کودک است.ولی این رفتار در مورد پدر از این معادله برخوردار نیست.این نشان می دهد که مادر برای پسران جوان نیز قویا به منزله الگو مطرح است.

نقش مادر در رفتار بزهکارانه اینگونه است که جدایی از مادر در پنج سال اول زندگی یکی از علل اساسی بزهکاری و لااقل بزهکاری از نوع ضداجتماعی یا بی عاطفگی محسوب می شود.جدا شدن از هریک از والدین را نمیتوان به عنوان عاملی یگانه در اعمال خلاف محسوب داشت،بلکه این مسئله ناشی از وضعیت نهایی خانواده است.

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