هراس اجتماعی

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بطور کلی روند تمرینات مواجهه در هراس اجتماعی از تمرین با درمانگر شروع شده،(مثلاً ایفای نقش)، و تا تمرین با هم کلاسی ها و در شرایط واقعی گسترش می یابد.یکی از مشکلاتی که در این موارد بروز می کند،هنگامی است که کودک بیش از آن هراساناک باشد که حتی با  درمانگر صحبت کند.این مشکل نیز مانند هر مشکل دیگر در مواجهه قابل حل بوده و صبر و شکیبایی و تشویق مداوم عوامل موثری در پیشرفت می باشند.

مورد دیگری که در هراس اجتماعی باعث نگرانی می شود آن است که در تمرینات مربوطه امکان شکست زیادد است.برای مثال از آنجایی که سرانجام کودک در تمرینات مواجهه با هم کلاسی ها شرکت خواهد کرد،باید دقت کنیم بخصوص در مراحل اولیه تا هم کلاسی های انتخاب شده از بین افرادی باشند که به تلاش های کودک جهت شروع یک مکالمه یا پرسیدن سوال،پاسخ مثبت یا حداقل خنثی داده و یا برای تعامل مناسب باشند.در صورتی که کودک را در نخستین تمرین مواجهه در پی با زورگوی مدرسه بفرستیم، نسخه ی فاجعه را از قبل پیچیدیم.در این موارد بهتر است قبلاً با مشارکت معلم و والدین صحنه ی این موجهه و به خصوص شرکت کنندگان در آن را تنظیم نماییم.

هراس اجتماعی
هراس اجتماعی

برخی از اضطراب های اجتماعی به علت مشکلات ناشی از کاستی های واقعی در مهارت های اجتماعی است.رابطه ی بین مهارت های اجتماعی ضعیف و اضطراب طبیعتاً می تواند دوطرفه بوده،بدین شکل که مهارت اجتماعی ضعیف منجر به بی کفایتی موقعیتی شده که اضطراب را افزایش می دهد،و اضطراب نیز به نوبه ی خود باعث کاهش بیشتر مهارت های اجتماعی می شود.در هر شکل باید همواره قبل از شروع تمرینات مواجهه اطمینان حاصل نماییم که کوک منابع اولیه ی مهارت های اجتماعی را دارا باشد برای مثال،قبل از شروع مکالمه در مدرسه،حداقل باید بداند،چطور سلام کند،چطور سوال بپرسد،چطور در مکالمه نوبت را رعایت کند و چطور خداحافظی نماید.به علاوه،کاربرد صحیح مهارت های غیر کلامی نیز(مانند لبخند یا تماس چشمی) می تواند به همان اندازه مهم باشد.درمانگر باید قبل از شروع تمرین مواجهه این  موارد را بررسی نماید.در ان پروتکل،در رابطه با مهارت های اجتماعی،دو واحد جهت مهارت های کلامی و غیر کلامی وجود دارند.

برخی از موارد موجود در کودکان مبتلا به هراس اجتماعی شامل:

نوشتن روی تخته در مدرسه

تلفن زدن به هم کلاسی ها جهت پرسیدن تکالیف

سوال کردن از یک فروشنده

صحبت در برابر کلاس

آغاز صحبت با کسی که خوب نمی شناسد

مرکز مشاوره و روانشناسی دیدار

clinicdeedar@

www.clinicdeedar.com

 

 

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